[14] Plutarch offered a variety of interpretations for these dreams: that Olympias was pregnant before her marriage, indicated by the sealing of her womb; or that Alexander's father was Zeus. The Hellenistic period developed through the Roman Empire into modern Western culture; the Greek language became the lingua franca of the region and was the predominant language of the Byzantine Empire up until its collapse in the mid-15th century AD. Alexander arranged a double phalanx, with the center advancing at an angle, parting when the chariots bore down and then reforming. [222] This was no doubt in part due to Aristotle's tutelage; Alexander was intelligent and quick to learn. [125][126] Choosing a local helped him control these lands so distant from Greece. [102] Alexander wrote a letter in 332 BC to Darius III, wherein he argued that he was worthier than Darius "to succeed to the Achaemenid throne". Plutarch's account is that roughly 14 days before his death, Alexander entertained admiral Nearchus and spent the night and next day drinking with Medius of Larissa. As a young boy, Alexander was taught to read, write, and play the lyre. [303] One well-known fable among Greek seamen involves a solitary mermaid who would grasp a ship's prow during a storm and ask the captain "Is King Alexander alive?" After his trip to Siwa, Alexander was crowned in the temple of Ptah at Memphis. While Philip was occupied in Thrace, Alexander was ordered to muster an army for a campaign in southern Greece. [62] Alexander's sacking of Thebes ensured that Greece remained quiet during his absence. In the end, Philip chose Aristotle and provided the Temple of the Nymphs at Mieza as a classroom. [173][174], Pompey, Julius Caesar and Augustus all visited the tomb in Alexandria, where Augustus, allegedly, accidentally knocked the nose off. It was also said that on this day, the Temple of Artemis in Ephesus, one of the Seven Wonders of the World, burnt down. A 1998 article in the New England Journal of Medicine attributed his death to typhoid fever complicated by bowel perforation and ascending paralysis. [233] Thus, rather than megalomania, his behaviour may have been a practical attempt at strengthening his rule and keeping his empire together. [275] The process of Hellenization also spurred trade between the east and west. [31], Philip and his army joined his son in 338 BC, and they marched south through Thermopylae, taking it after stubborn resistance from its Theban garrison. Conquest of the Achaemenid Persian Empire, The first known person to call Alexander "the Great" was a Roman playwright named, Bloom, Jonathan M.; Blair, Sheila S. (2009), A History of Macedonia: Volume III: 336167 B.C.
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