Affirmed yet unaware: exploring the role of awareness in the process of self-affirmation. Dispositional, unrealistic, and comparative optimism: Differential relations with the knowledge and processing of risk information and beliefs about personal risk. It is also worth noting that word count was not correlated with RAT problem-solving performance (r=.14, p=.23), and including word count as a covariate did not appreciably change our primary problem-solving results (word count was not further pursued as a variable of interest). The research reported in this article illustrates how self-affirmation affects not only people's cognitive responses to threatening information and events, but also their physiological adaptations and actual behavior. [4] Participants choose one of two answers after reading a statement about a value. The postulate that people are motivated to maintain self-integrity rests at the center of self-affirmation theory (Steele 1988; see also Sherman & Cohen 2006). An absolute gem that seems not to be much talked about, self-affirmation theory gives us both practical approaches to dealing with problems, and a fresh and surprising theoretical viewpoint on various issues in cognitive science. Research has not yet identified the underlying mechanisms of how self-affirmation buffers against stress and reduces defensiveness. 38 . The psychology of self-affirmation: Sustaining the integrity of the self. Unlike those in a control condition, those in the self-affirmation condition did not show any changes from baseline in their levels of the stress hormone cortisol. In virtually all cultures and historical periods, there are socially shared conceptions of what it means to be a person of self-integrity. %%EOF We show here that our self-affirmation effects are unlikely to be explained by changes in positive affect or task engagement. Future studies using other measures for assessing chronic stress (e.g., selecting chronically stressed vs. matched control groups) [4] would therefore be useful. Self-affirmation theory is based on the idea that we are motivated to maintain our self-worth in the face of threats (Sherman & Cohen, 2006). $bE!,jS]5m1b//NiFp?r4yE3f The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the Claude Steele originally popularized self-affirmation theory in the late 1980s,[1][2] and it remains a well-studied theory in social psychological research.[3][4]. [3] That is, if someone perceives threat to one domain, he or she can accommodate this threat by upholding a value in another domain. From humanist psychologists like Abraham Maslow and Carl Rogers to contemporary investigators examining the psychology of self-esteem, there has been a historical emphasis in psychology on the importance of peoples sense of personal regard. Importantly, there was no main effect for either self-affirmation condition (2(8)=6.36, p=.61) or chronic stress level (2(8)=6.50, p=.59) on the #1 ranked value. Research suggesting that certain illusions may be adaptive for mental health and well-being is reviewed, examining evidence that a set of interrelated positive illusionsnamely, unrealistically positive self-evaluations, exaggerated perceptions of control or mastery, and unrealistic optimismcan serve a wide variety of cognitive, affective, and social functions. Janine M. Dutcher, Self-affirmation theory posits that the goal of the self is to protect one's self-image when threatened and that one way to do this is through affirmation of valued . In the present study, we test whether a brief self-affirmation can buffer the negative impacts of chronic stress on problem-solving. A Novel Approach for Measuring Self-Affirmation - ResearchGate
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